.Lakshmi (;: लक्ष्मी,: lakṣmī) or Laxmi, is the of wealth, fortune and prosperity. She is the wife and (energy) of, one of the principal deities of and the Supreme Being in the Tradition. With and, she forms, the holy trinity. Lakshmi is also an important deity in and found in Jain temples.
Lakshmi was born in Thrissur to Unni Menon and Bindu Unnikrishnan. She was raised and studied in IES Chittilapilly, Thrissur. In 2009 she joined Christ College, Irinjalakuda for B A Functional English and later joined ELIMS for her Master of Business Administration in Thrissur, specialised in Marketing and Human Resource. Jyeshta had dark complexion, large pendulous breasts descending as far as her navel, with a flabby belly, thick thighs, raised nose and hanging lower lip. Dressed in dark clothes, she was ugly to look at, and nobody wanted to take her as a wife. Only after the birth of Jyeshta, Lakshmi was born from the same ocean.
Lakshmi has also been a goddess of abundance and fortune for Buddhists, and was represented on the oldest surviving stupas and cave temples of. In Buddhist sects of, and, goddess mirrors the characteristics and attributes of the Hindu goddess Lakshmi with minor iconographic differences.Lakshmi is also called or Thirumagal because she is endowed with six auspicious and divine qualities, or gunas, and is the divine strength of. In Hindu religion, she was born from the churning of the primordial ocean and she chose Vishnu as her eternal consort. When Vishnu descended on the Earth as the and, Lakshmi descended as his respective consort as Sita and Radha,Rukmini. In the ancient scriptures of India, all women are declared to be embodiments of Lakshmi.
The marriage and relationship between Lakshmi and Vishnu as wife and husband is the paradigm for rituals and ceremonies for the bride and groom in. Lakshmi is considered another aspect of the same supreme goddess principle in the tradition of Hinduism.Lakshmi is depicted in Indian art as an elegantly dressed, prosperity-showering golden-coloured woman with an owl as her vehicle, signifying the importance of economic activity in maintenance of life, her ability to move, work and prevail in confusing darkness.
She typically stands or sits like a yogin on a lotus pedestal and holds lotus in her hand, a symbolism for fortune, self-knowledge and spiritual liberation. Her iconography shows her with four hands, which represent the four goals of human life considered important to the Hindu way of life:,. She is often depicted as part of the trinity (Tridevi) consisting of, Lakshmi and.Archaeological discoveries and ancient coins suggest the recognition and reverence for Lakshmi by the 1st millennium BCE. Lakshmi's iconography and statues have also been found in Hindu temples throughout Southeast Asia, estimated to be from the second half of the 1st millennium CE. The festivals of and (Kojagiri Purnima) are celebrated in her honor. — Rig Veda, x.71.2, Translated byIn, transcribed about 1000 BCE, Lakshmi evolves into a complex concept with plural manifestations.
Book 7, Chapter 115 of Atharva Veda describes the plurality, asserting that a hundred Lakshmis are born with the body of a mortal at birth, some good, punya (virtuous) and auspicious, while others bad, paapi (evil) and unfortunate. The good are welcomed, while the bad urged to leave.
The concept and spirit of Lakshmi and her association with fortune and the good is significant enough that Atharva Veda mentions it in multiple books: for example, in Book 12, Chapter 5 as punya Lakshmi. In some chapters of Atharva Veda, Lakshmi connotes the good, an auspicious sign, good luck, good fortune, prosperity, success and happiness. Goddess Lakshmi. Lakshmi is one of the.
Her iconography is found in ancient and modern Hindu temples.Later, Lakshmi is referred to as the goddess of fortune, identified with Sri and regarded as wife of Viṣṇu ( Nārāyaṇa). For example, in, variously estimated to be composed between 800 BCE and 300 BCE, Sri (Lakshmi) is part of one of many theories, in ancient India, about the creation of universe. In Book 9 of Shatapatha Brahmana, Sri emerges from Prajapati, after his intense meditation on creation of life and nature of universe.
Sri is described as a resplendent and trembling woman at her birth with immense energy and powers. The gods were bewitched, desire her and immediately become covetous of her.
The gods approach Prajapati and request permission to kill her and then take her powers, talents and gifts. Prajapati refuses, tells the gods that males should not kill females and that they can seek her gifts without violence. The gods then approach Lakshmi, deity gets food, Soma gets kingly authority, gets imperial authority, Mitra acquires martial energy, Indra gets force, gets priestly authority, Savitri acquires dominion, Pushan gets splendour, takes nourishment and Tvashtri gets forms. Bas relief of Gaja Lakshmi at the, Stupa I, North gateway, sculpture, 1st century CE.The image, icons, and sculptures of Lakshmi are represented with symbolism. Her name is derived from Sanskrit root words for knowing the goal and understanding the objective. Her four arms are symbolic of the four goals of humanity that are considered good in Hinduism – dharma (pursuit of ethical, moral life), artha (pursuit of wealth, means of life), kama (pursuit of love, emotional fulfillment) and moksha (pursuit of self-knowledge, liberation).In Lakshmi's iconography, she is either sitting or standing on a lotus and typically carrying a lotus in one or two hands. The lotus carries symbolic meanings in Hinduism and other Indian traditions.
It symbolises knowledge, self-realisation, and liberation in Vedic context, and represents reality, consciousness and karma (work, deed) in the Tantra context. The lotus, a flower that blossoms in clean or dirty water, also symbolises purity regardless of the good or bad circumstances in which it grows.
It is a reminder that good and prosperity can bloom and not be affected by evil in one's surrounding. Below, behind or on the sides, Lakshmi is sometimes shown with one or two elephants and occasionally with an owl.
Elephants symbolise work, activity and strength, as well as water, rain and fertility for abundant prosperity. The owl signifies the patient striving to observe, see and discover knowledge particularly when surrounded by darkness. As a bird reputedly blinded by daylight, the owl also serves as a symbolic reminder to refrain from blindness and greed after knowledge and wealth has been acquired. Sculpture of Lord & Goddess Lakshmi at temple atLakshmi features prominently in of Hinduism.
Vishnu Purana, in particular, dedicates many sections to her and also refers to her as Sri. Translates passages describing Lakshmi in Vishnu Purana as, 'Sri, loyal to Vishnu, is the mother of the world. Vishnu is the meaning, Sri is the speech. She is the conduct, he the behavior. Vishnu is knowledge, she the insight. He is dharma, she the virtuous action.
She is the earth, he earth's upholder. She is contentment, he the satisfaction. She wishes, he is the desire.
Sri is the sky, Vishnu the Self of everything. He is the moon, she the light of moon. He is the ocean, she is the shore'. Subhasita, gnomic and didactic literature Lakshmi, along with Parvati and Saraswati, is a subject of extensive, genomic and didactic literature of India. Composed in the 1st millennium BC through the 16th century AD, they are short poems, proverbs, couplets, or in Sanskrit written in a precise meter. They sometimes take the form of dialogue between Lakshmi and Vishnu or highlight the spiritual message in Vedas and ethical maxims from Hindu Epics through Lakshmi. An example Subhashita is Puranartha Samgraha, compiled by Vekataraya in South India, where Lakshmi and Vishnu discuss niti(right, moral conduct) and rajaniti(statesmanship, right governance) – covering in 30 chapters and ethical and moral questions about personal, social and political life.
Manifestations and aspects. Vishnu resting on the ocean accompanied by LakshmiIn eastern India, Lakshmi is seen as a.
Lakshmi, and are typically conceptualised as distinct in most of India, but in states such as West Bengal and Odisha, they are regionally believed to be forms of Durga.Lakshmi is seen in two forms, and Sridevi, both at the sides of Sri or Vishnu. Bhudevi is the representation and totality of the material world or energy, called the aparam Prakriti, in which she is called Mother Earth. Sridevi is the spiritual world or energy called the.
Lakshmi is the power of Vishnu.Inside temples, Lakshmi is often shown together with Vishnu. In certain parts of India, Lakshmi plays a special role as the mediator between her husband Vishnu and his worldly devotees. When asking Vishnu for grace or forgiveness, the devotees often approach Him through the intermediary presence of Lakshmi. She is also the personification of spiritual fulfillment. Lakshmi embodies the spiritual world, also known as, the abode of Lakshmi- or what would be considered in. Lakshmi is the embodiment of the creative energy of Vishnu, and primordial who creates the universe.In South India, she is also worshipped as,an incarnation of Lakshmi.
Secondary manifestations. Murti worshipped in a display during.Other secondary representations of the goddess include Lakshmi manifesting in three forms: Sri Devi,. This threefold goddess can be found, for example, in Sri Bhu Neela Sahita Temple near, Andhra Pradesh, and in Adinath Swami Temple in Tamil Nadu.In, Mahalakshmi is shown with 16 hands, each holding a sacred emblem, expressing a sacred gesture, or forming a mudra(lotus, pot, mudra of blessing, book, rosary, bell, shield, bow, arrow, sword, trident, mudra of admonition, noose, skull cap and kettledrum.) In this representation, Mahalakshmi manifests as a kind, compassionate, tranquil deity sitting not on a lotus, but on a lion. Jain temples Some temples also depict Sri Lakshmi as a goddess of (wealth) and (pleasure). For example, she is exhibited with Vishnu in Parshvanatha Jain Temple at the of Madhya Pradesh, where she is shown pressed against Vishnu's chest, while Vishnu cups a breast in his palm.
The presence of Vishnu-Lakshmi iconography in a Jain temple built near the Hindu temples of Khajuraho, suggests the sharing and acceptance of Lakshmi across a spectrum of Indian religions. This commonality is reflected in the praise of Lakshmi found in the Jain text. Creation and legends. A manuscript depicting Samudra Manthan, with Lakshmi emerging with the lotus in her hands.(gods) and (demons) were both mortal at one time in Hinduism., the divine nectar that grants immortality, could only be obtained by churning Kshirasagar. The devas and asuras both sought immortality and decided to churn the Kshirasagar with Mount Mandhara. The commenced with the devas on one side and the asuras on the other.
Incarnated as Kurma, the tortoise and a mountain was placed on the tortoise as a churning pole., the great venom-spewing serpent-god, was wrapped around the mountain and used to churn the ocean. A host of divine celestial objects came up during the churning.
Along with them emerged the goddess Lakshmi. In some versions, she is said to be daughter of the sea god since she emerged from the sea.
In, and, Lakshmi is said to have been born as daughter of the divine sage and his wife Khyati and was named Bhargavi. According to Vishnu Purana, the universe was created when the Devas(god) and Asuras(evil) churn the cosmic ocean of milk. Lakshmi came out of the ocean bearing lotus, along with divine cow, tree, (the moon) and with (nectar of immortality). When she appeared, she had a choice to go to Devas or Asuras. She chose Devas' side and among thirty deities, she chose to be with Vishnu.
![Lakshmi nakshatra navel in urdu Lakshmi nakshatra navel in urdu](/uploads/1/2/5/4/125444704/691526335.jpg)
Thereafter, in all three worlds, the lotus-bearing goddess was celebrated. Celebration in Hindu society. Diwali celebrations include (prayers) to Lakshmi and Ganesha. Lakshmi is of the Vaishnavism tradition, while Ganesha of the Shaivism tradition of Hinduism.Many Hindus worship Lakshmi on, the festival of lights. It is celebrated in autumn, typically October or November every year. The festival spiritually signifies the victory of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, good over evil and hope over despair.Before Diwali night, people clean, renovate and decorate their homes and offices. On Diwali night, Hindus dress up in new clothes or their best outfits, light up (lamps and candles) inside and outside their home, and participate in family puja (prayers) typically to Lakshmi.
After puja, fireworks follow, then a family feast including mithai , and an exchange of gifts between family members and close friends. Diwali also marks a major shopping period, since Lakshmi connotes auspiciousness, wealth and prosperity. This festival dedicated to Lakshmi is considered by Hindus to be one of the most important and joyous festivals of the year.Gaja Lakshmi Puja is another autumn festival celebrated on in many parts of India on the full-moon day in the month of (October). Sharad Purnima, also called Kojaagari Purnima or Kuanr Purnima, is a the end of season. There is a traditional celebration of the moon called the Kaumudi celebration, Kaumudi meaning moonlight.
On Sharad Purnima night, goddess Lakshmi is thanked and worshipped for the harvests.Hymns Part of on.Countless hymns, prayers, songs and legends dedicated to Mahalakshmi are recited during the ritual worship of Lakshmi.These include Sri Lalitha Sahasranamam, Sri Mahalakshmi Ashtakam, Sri Lakshmi Sahasaranama Stotra(by Sanathkumara), Sri Stuti(by Sri Vedantha Desikar), Sri, Sri Kanakadhara Stotra(by Sri ), Sri Chatussloki(by Sri ), Narayani Stuti, Middle episode, Argala Stotra, Sri Lakshmi Sloka(by Sri Hari Swamiji) and, which is contained in the Vedas. Sri Sukta contains Lakshmi (Om Shree Mahalakshmyai ca vidmahe Vishnu patnyai ca dheemahi tanno Lakshmi prachodayat Om). Archaeology. Greek-influenced statue of Gaja Lakshmi, holding lotus and cornucopia, flanked by two elephants and two lions. From Kashmir, 6th century AD.A representation of the goddess as Gaja Lakshmi or Lakshmi flanked by two elephants spraying her with water, is one of the most frequently found in archaeological sites. An ancient sculpture of Gaja Lakshmi (from Sonkh site at ) dates to the pre- era. Atranjikhera site in modern has yielded plaque with images of Lakshmi dating to 2nd century BCE.
Other archaeological sites with ancient Lakshmi terracotta figurines from the 1st millennium BCE include Vaisali, Sravasti, Kausambi, Campa, and Candraketugadh.The goddess Lakshmi is frequently found in ancient coins of various Hindu kingdoms from Afghanistan to India. Gaja Lakshmi has been found on coins of kings and; she also appears on king Jyesthamitra era coins, both dating to 1st millennium BCE. Coins from 1st through 4th century CE found in various locations in India such as Ayodhya, Mathura, Ujjain, Sanchi, Bodh Gaya, Kanauj, all feature Lakshmi.
Similarly, ancient Greco-Indian gems and seals with images of Lakshmi have been found, estimated to be from 1st millennium BCE.A 1400-year-old rare granite sculpture of Lakshmi has been recovered at the Waghama village along in district of.A statuette supposedly thought to be of Lakshmi found in Pompeii, Italy, dates to before the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE. Related goddesses Japan Goddess of Japan corresponds to Lakshmi. Kishijoten is the goddess of fortune and prosperity. Kishijoten is considered the sister of the deity (毘沙門, also known as Tamon or Bishamon-ten); Bishamon protects human life, fights evil, and brings good fortune. In ancient and medieval Japan, Kishijoten was the goddess worshiped for luck and prosperity, particularly on behalf of children.
Kishijoten was also the guardian goddess of. While Bishamon and Kishijoten are found in ancient Chinese and Japanese Buddhist literature, their roots have been traced to deities in Hinduism. Tibet and Nepal In Tibetan Buddhism she is an important deity, especially in the School. She has both peaceful and wrathful forms.
Her wrathful form is known as or Shri Devi Dudsol Dokam or Kamadhatvishvari, and is the principal female protector of Tibetan Buddhism and of Lhasa, Tibet.Goddess in Tibetan and Nepalese culture is closely analogous to goddess Lakshmi as well. Bali (Indonesia) Goddess Lakshmi is closely linked to a goddess worshipped in, i.e., as the goddess of fertility and agriculture.See also.